1st Battalion, 9th Marines. Per war: 191,605 deaths in the First Indochina War, 849,018 deaths in the Second Indochina War (Vietnam War), and 105,627 deaths in the Third Indochina War. The boat people's first destinations were the Southeast Asian locations of Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. [93][94] With the draft increasing due to the troop buildup in South Vietnam, the military significantly lowered its admission standards. Political turbulence there and two alleged North Vietnamese attacks on U.S. naval vessels spurred Johnson to demand the passage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in 1964. In addition to patrolling, Navy PBRs participated with . The Virtual Wall uses the Coffelt Database (CDB) for unit assignment information. They also are AT-CTI certified. "It was the epitome of immoralityOne of the times I counted bodies after an air strikewhich always ended with two napalm bombs which would just fry everything that was leftI counted sixty-two bodies. [36][37][41] All individuals killed in declared free-fire zones, combatants or not, were considered enemy killed in action by US forces . This stemmed from the United States' involvement in the Cold War, which the United States fought to preserve democracy against the forces of Communism springing up in countries such as the Soviet Union and China. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The oldest man killed was 62 years old. The majority of these soldiers were between the ages of 21 and 28. Among other countries that fought for South Vietnam, South Korea had more than 4,000 dead, Thailand about 350, Australia more than 500, and New Zealand some three dozen. The U.S. military reported 58,220 American casualties. 7. Omissions? non-hostile occurrence or who were missing in action or prisoners of war in the Southeast Asian combat area during the Vietnam War, including casualties that occurred in Cambodia, China, Laos, North Vietnam, South Vietnam, and Thailand. Vietnam War Casualties, MIA and POWs. The human costs of the long conflict were harsh for all involved. MARINE CORPS * Panama . The U.S. National Archives shows that 58,220 U.S. soldiers perished. Two other cleanup sites being reviewed by the United States and Vietnam are Bin Ha Air Base, in the southern province of ng Naia 'hotspot' for dioxinand Ph Ct Air Base in Bnh nh Province, according to U.S. [55] These policies were also reported on by US commanders, with one US Marine General stating "whenever the Korean marines received fire "or think [they got] fired on from a village they'd divert from their march and go over and completely level the village it would be a lesson to (the Vietnamese). According to the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, between 200,000 and 400,000 boat people died at sea. Reference Information Paper 103", "From the Archives: President Nixon welcomes Marines home from Vietnam", "MILITARY: Marine unit that suffered most casualties coming home", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_units_with_the_highest_percentage_of_casualties_per_conflict&oldid=1125722100, This page was last edited on 5 December 2022, at 13:58. [21] During the peak war years, another scholar Guenter Lewy attributed almost a third of civilian deaths to the VC. . The Geneva conference established a treaty that split the nation of Vietnam in half for the time being, with reunification elections set to be held in 1956. According to the Vietnamese government, unexploded ordnance has killed some 42,000 people since the end of the war. [25], Operating under the direction of the CIA and other US and South Vietnamese Intel organizations and carried out by ARVN units alongside US advisers was the Phoenix Program, intended to neutralise the VC political infrastructure, whom were the civilian administration of the Viet Cong/Provisional Revolutionary Government via infiltration, capture, counter-terrorism, interrogation, and assassination. Ronald H. Spector is Professor of History and International Affairs in the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University. The "Military Factory" name and MilitaryFactory.com logo are registered U.S. trademarks protected by all applicable domestic and international intellectual property laws. Unit: Nickname: KIA: Comment: 1st Cavalry Division: First . Five men killed in Vietnam were only 16 years old. [14], German historian Bernd Greiner mentions the following war crimes reported and/or investigated by the Peers Commission and the Vietnam War Crimes Working Group, among other sources:[43]. in Social Studies Education. The Vietnam War was costly to the U.S. Marine Corps. [53][54] A separate study was carried out by RAND Corporation employee Terry Rambo, who conducted interviews in 1970 on reported Korean atrocities in ARVN/civilian areas. The National Liberation Front & People's Army of Vietnam | History, Purpose & Strategy, 1973 Paris Peace Accords Overview | Talks, Terms & Agreement, Vietnamization Policy & Significance | Nixon's Plan to Withdraw American Forces, Operation Ranch Hand: Definition, Strategy & Impact, Significant Events in the First Indochina War, Causes of American Defeat in the Vietnam War, Communism Spreads During the Vietnam War: Cambodia and Laos. The wide disparity among the estimates cited below is partially explained by the different time periods of the Vietnam War covered by the studies and whether casualties in Cambodia and Laos were included in the estimates. Posted By: Jagermeister, 2/27/2023 4:40:17 PM Military historian and Hillsdale College professor Mark Moyar has just published Triumph Regained: The Vietnam War, 1965-1968, which is the second in what will become a massive three-volume revision of the entire Vietnam War. The 2nd Marine Brigade reportedly perpetrated the Binh Tai Massacre on 9 October 1966. The Vietnamese, in the midst of the fighting, only had a growing desire to separate from colonial France and create their own nation. The Australians committed more forces to the war in Vietnam than any other foreign contributor (except for the United States, that is). For details of the total number of Australians who died during the Vietnam War, 1962- 1975, please refer to Deaths as a result of service with Australian units.. Statistics: Total Australian service casualties in the Vietnam War, 1962-72 Cobra helicopters totaled 1,110,716 flight hours in Vietnam. North Vietnam had won victory over the French and was likely to make South Vietnam submit to a Communist regime. In late 2006, the project scope was extended further by including circumstances of death information in the Coffelt Database - the "how and where" of their deaths. The U.S. military has estimated that between 200,000 and 250,000 South Vietnamese soldiers died in the war. In that respect, it failed: the two Vietnams were united under a communist banner in July 1976. 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But today, even as the U.S. military continues to grow more inclusive, most Americans are much less . Vietnamese soldiers and an unknown number of civilian casualties in South and North Vietnam (Browne 1994: 1). Over 58,000 American troops were killed in Vietnam, with more still not identified. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C., lists more than 58,300 names of members of the U.S. armed forces who were killed or went missing in action. Lochren) subtracted the muster figures (262-47=215)(82.1%) and asserted that "[every one of the] 215 [missing men] lay upon the field. This group was made up almost entirely of either working-class or rural youth. In addition, at least 36,000 Southern civilians were executed for various reasons in the period 19671972. French Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam) - 1,250,000 . History is not a fixed set of facts. In the days before "embeds" this generation's enforced melding of photographer and military unit there was a certain sense of . The most prominent of these events were the Hu Massacre and the M Lai Massacre. Richard Coffelt's health began failing, and on 29 October 2010 he made his last contributions to the Coffelt Database. In 1965 alone they comprised 14.1% of total combat deaths, when they only comprised approximately 11% of the total U.S. population in the same year. [93][97], Civil rights leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, John Lewis, Muhammad Ali and others, criticized the racial disparity in both casualties and representation in the entire military, prompting the Pentagon to order cutbacks in the number of African Americans in combat positions. Their estimates for conflict deaths in Vietnam are 164,923 from 195564 and 1,458,050 from 196575 for a total of 1,622,973. Numbers certainly do not tell the whole story - or all of them - but they certainly paint a picture of lives lost and families devastated. The war cost the United States over $120 billion and the lives of over 58,000 troops. Data for deaths in Laos is incomplete. [19], Other casualties for the ARVN included up to 1,170,000 military wounded,[59] and 1,000,000 surrendered or captured. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. [62] Across all three wars including the First Indochina War and the Third Indochina War there was a total of 1,146,250 PAVN/VC confirmed military deaths, included 939,460 with bodies recovered and 207,000 with the bodies unfound. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTurse2013 (. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Other Deaths (In Theater) 2,835 Other Deaths in Service (Non-Theater) 17,672 Non-mortal Woundings 103,284 Living Veterans 1,165,000 Vietnam War (1964-1975) Total U.S. Servicemembers (Worldwide)6 8,744,000 Deployed to Southeast Asia 7 3,403,000 Battle Deaths 8 47,434 Other Deaths (In Theater)8 10,786 Other Deaths in Service (Non-Theater)8 32,000 By 1944, the French were still occupying Vietnam, even though they continued to wage battle in Europe as the end of World War II drew near. These photographs have become a part of the Coffelt Database. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Index of Vietnam War Casualties by Unit of Assignment. Civilian deaths were also caused by mortar and artillery, extensive aerial bombing and the use of firepower in military operations conducted in heavily populated areas. The United States committed some 550,000 troops to the Vietnam front at the height of the conflict, suffered more than 58,000 casualties, and engaged in battle after battle with communist forces in the region until its withdrawal in 1973. [58] According to Guenter Lewy, the ARVN suffered between 171,331 and 220,357 deaths during the war. "UCDP/Prio Armed Conflict Database", Uppsala University, sfn error: no target: CITEREFRummel1997 (. Estimates of casualties of the Vietnam War vary widely. Johnson raised the number of South Vietnam deployments to 23,000 U.S. soldiers by the end of his first year in office. This led to increased racial tension in the military. Create your account. However, side effects occurred because of Agent Orange. [95][96], The number of US military personnel in Vietnam jumped from 23,300 in 1965 to 465,600 by the end of 1967. Ho Chi Minh was outraged and began to engage his forces in small fights with South Vietnamese troops. Many of these deaths were suspected to be murders, often targeting able-bodied young men who could pose a threat to the other side should they have chosen to join the military. In 1976, the Vietnamese government organized Gathering Teams to find the remains of dead soldiers. Deaths caused by the South Korean military, North Vietnamese and Viet Cong military casualties, Disproportion of African American casualties. A Korean War era soldier and later an attorney in Hays, Kansas, Richard became aware that the government had not made public a central source of information regarding the servicemen and women who died as a result of service in Vietnam. Joseph L. Rhodes, 22, Marines, L. Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition, gives a 1513 reference for military casualty, and an 1844 reference for civilian use. COAST GUARD *, Copyright 1997-2018 www.VirtualWall.org, Ltd (TM), Division level indexes are used for Division HQ and minor assigned unit personnel, Brigade level indexes are used for Brigade HQ and minor assigned unit personnel, Aviation Group level indexes are used for Group HQ and minor assigned unit personnel, Aviation Battalion level indexes are used for Bn HQ, minor assigned units, and Aviation Companies which stayed with a single Battalion throughout their time in Vietnam, Separate Battalion indexes are used for Battalions not assigned to a Regiment, Aviation Companies that served with two or more Aviation Battalions while in Vietnam are indexed separately. [6], A 2008 study by the BMJ (formerly British Medical Journal) came up with a higher toll of 3,812,000 dead in Vietnam between 19552002. My Lai (4) and My Khe (4) (collectively the My Lai Massacre) claimed the largest number of victims with 420 and 90 respectively, and in five other places a total of about 100 civilians were executed. Called the American War in Vietnam (or, in full, the War Against the Americans to Save the Nation), the war was also part of a larger regional conflict (see Indochina wars) and a manifestation of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies. [104], Following the end of the war, many refugees fled Vietnam by boat and ship. Causes of ongoing deaths and side effects include. The overwhelming majority of the MIA are from northern Vietnam. The Fall of Saigon in 1975 | Vietnam War Timeline, Causes & Aftermath, Battle of Ia Drang | Battle of Ia Drang Casualty List, Easter Offensive of 1972: Vietnam War | History, Impact & Aftermath. Not until 1995 did Vietnam release its official estimate of war dead: as many as 2 million civilians on both sides and some 1.1 million North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. South Vietnam supplied a total of 942,000 troops. [95] Of the 27 million draft-age men between 1964 and 1973, 40% were drafted into military service, and only 10% were actually sent to Vietnam. 88,594. It's a sober fact we're meant to be reminded of on Memorial Day, particularly in light of the nearly 7,000 U.S. troops killed, and the many more wounded, over the last decade in our most recent and ongoing conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. [33][34] The United States government has challenged these figures as being unreliable. Regarding killed in action the 2nd Infantry Division was the unit with the highest ratio with 7,094 KIA and 16,575 wounded. She has an M.S.Ed. Combat Area Casualties Dataset. 62. Following the end of French colonial rule in 1954 and break-up of the former French Indochina, the United States assumed the political mentorship and primary . Vietnam War. The government of Vietnam says that 4 million of its citizens were exposed to Agent Orange, and as many as 3 million have suffered illnesses because of it; these figures include the children of people who were exposed. . In Qung Nam Province 4,700 civilians were killed in 1969. [5], In 1995, the Vietnamese government released its estimate of war deaths for the more lengthy period of 195575. In 1993-94, after PCs had become commonplace, Tom Holloway (Emory University, Atlanta) changed the landscape by obtaining the Department of Defense's casualty database and the Army Adjutant General's database in digital form. Many black men who had previously been ineligible could now be drafted, along with many poor and racially intolerant white men from the southern states. [98], Unexploded ordnance continue to detonate and kill people today. American civilians were not killed in the Vietnam War. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 [64] According to the Vietnamese government, from 1994 to 2012, 172,460 PAVN/VC bodies were found, including 15,989 in Cambodia, and 14,549 in Laos, and around 10,000 bodies were found from 2012 to 2015, reducing the number of MIA from 390,000 (1993) to 207,000 (2016). Morning muster on July 2 for the eight companies (A,B,D,E,G,H,I & K) involved in the suicidal attack was 262, and evening muster on the same day was 47. Pentagon statistics listed 39,000 and 61,000 PRG/DRV dead for the same time period.". Estimates for PAVN deaths in the Easter Offensive alone vary from 40,000 to 100,000 in western sources. 58,148 were killed in Vietnam, 75,000 severely disabled, 23,214 were 100% disabled, 5,283 lost limbs and 1,081 sustained multiple amputations. [2], Guenter Lewy in 1978 estimated 1,353,000 total deaths in North and South Vietnam during the period 19651974 in which the U.S. was most engaged in the war. Ambassador to Vietnam David Shear. 80 lessons [15][16][17] Walter Mead estimates that approximately 365,000 Vietnamese civilians to have died as a result of the war during the period of American involvement. Rummel calculated PAVN/VC deaths at 1,062,000 and ARVN and allied war deaths of 741,000, with both totals including civilians inadvertently killed. The Vietnam Conflict Extract Data File of the Defense Casualty Analysis System (DCAS) Extract Files contains records of 58,220 U.S. military fatal casualties of the Vietnam War. The Army instigated myriad reforms, addressed issues of discrimination and prejudice from the post exchanges to the lack of black officers, and introduced "Mandatory Watch And Action Committees" into each unit. Sometimes, the casualty rate is disproportionately high. [40][37] Sometimes civilian casualties from airstrikes or artillery barrages against villages were reported as "enemies killed". Regarding killed in action the 1st Marine Division was the unit with the highest . Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you For example, during the Seven Days Battles in the American Civil War (June 25 to July 1, 1862) there were 5,228 killed, 23,824 wounded and 7,007 missing or taken prisoner for a total of 36,059 casualties. Vietnam's government claimed that 400,000 people were killed or maimed as a result of after effects, and that 500,000 children were born with birth defects. Commander George L. Jackson said, "In response to this criticism, the Department of Defense took steps to readjust force levels in order to achieve an equitable proportion and employment of Negroes in Vietnam." Of the 7877 officer casualties, 7595 or 96.4% were white, 147 or 1.8% were black; 24 or . These Vietnam War photos taken by U.S. Army photographers reveal a side of the conflict that few people have ever seen. One study estimated that American commanders exaggerated body counts by 100 percent. PAVN and VC losses were reported as 1.1 million dead and civilian deaths of Vietnamese on both sides totaled 2.0 million. It is estimated that South Vietnam lost between 200,000 and 250,000 fighters. The following is a chart of all casualties, listed by race, and in descending order. 3% were Asian, 7 or . The database also estimates combat deaths in Cambodia for the years 196775 to total 259,000. How to Order a Draft Record. 13,091. [27] Estimates for the number of North Vietnamese civilian deaths resulting from US bombing range from 30,00065,000. On Nov. 23, 1968, The Philadelphia Tribune wrote of large . The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History exposed to enemy attack. The Internet cannot and has not replaced on-the-spot investigation, though; in example, one member of the Coffelt Group has photographed over 80,000 documents at the LBJ and Nixon Presidential Libraries and in the National Archives. [19] Rummel's mid-level estimate includes 17,000 South Vietnamese civil servants killed by PAVN/VC. [42] This might partially explain the discrepancies between recovered weapons and body-count figures, along with exaggeration, although the NVA and VC also went to great lengths to recover weapons from the battlefield. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. [69], There has been considerable controversy about the exact numbers of deaths inflicted on the Communist side by U.S. and allied South Vietnamese forces. 0. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. 70. . During the final years of World War II, political leader Ho Chi Minh organized a group, the Viet Cong, to fight the powers in occupancy of the territory and take control. The idea that this war was only to stop the spread of communism and push democracy on newly forming nations was very unpopular, and many civilians believed that the United States should not have gotten involved at all. Encounter Books, December 2022. The Viet Cong used the jungle terrain to their advantage both as a means of hiding, as well as a place to bury pressure-sensor explosives to wipe out unsuspecting bands of patrolling enemy forces. Those totals include only Vietnamese deaths, and do not include American and other allied military deaths which amounted to about 64,000. The Vietnam War was fought in Vietnamese territory between mainly South Vietnam/the United States and the Viet Cong of North Vietnam. Casualties fluctuated considerably from year to year, but a degree of accuracy can be inferred from the fact that 500,000 was 59 percent of the 849,018 total and that 59 percent of the war's days had passed by the time of Fallaci's conversation with Giap. Defense Department officials believed that these body count figures need to be deflated by 30 percent. Ho Chi Minh created the Viet Cong as a resistance force to French democracy. Around 3.8 million casualties were suffered in total between both sides, with nearly half being civilian deaths. 69th Armor Page: Ray's Home Page: E-Mail Me: Note: NVA casualty data was provided by North Vietnam in a press release to Agence France Presse (AFP) on April 3, 1995, on the 20th anniversary of the end of the Vietnam War. The Viet Cong lost around 1.1 million combatants. To arrive at the casualty figure of 215, the Regimental Historian (Lt. Wm. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The officially-reported numbers and categories below cover American Vietnam War deaths by age group, branch of service, service component, type of death, reason for death, race, religion, sex, state/protectorate and deaths by war year (including post-war). More than 8.7 million Americans served on active duty during the Vietnam period (Nov 1, 1955 to May 15, 1975). The war also spilled over into the neighboring countries of Cambodia and Laos which also endured casualties from aerial and ground fighting. Tensions escalated into armed conflict between the two sides, and in 1961 U.S. President John F. Kennedy chose to expand the military aid program. "Making More Enemies than We Kill? [22], Thomas Thayer in 1985 estimated that during the 196572 period the VC killed 33,052 South Vietnamese village officials and civil servants.[23]. In 1975 South Vietnam fell to a full-scale invasion by the North. [11][23]:106 R.J. Rummel estimated that ARVN suffered between 219,000 and 313,000 deaths during the war, including in 1975 and prior to 1960. The vietnam war Pictures That Moved Them Most . Search and destroy was a term to describe operations aimed at flushing the Viet Cong out of hiding, while body count was the measuring stick for operation success and this resulted in exaggeration and listing civilian deaths as enemy KIA. Operation Rolling Thunder History & Facts | What Was Operation Rolling Thunder? The earliest casualty record contains a date of death of . [18], R. J. Rummel estimated that PAVN/VC forces killed around 164,000 civilians in democide between 1954 and 1975 in South Vietnam, from a range of between 106,000 and 227,000, plus another 50,000 killed in North Vietnam. Calculating U.S. According to the Information Bureau of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam (PRG), a shadow government formed by North Vietnam in 1969, between April 1968 and the end of 1970 American ground troops killed about 6,500 civilians in the course of twenty-one operations either on their own or alongside their allies. Conflict deaths in Cambodia for the number of civilian deaths of 741,000, with totals... History and International intellectual property laws Vietnam lost between 200,000 and 250,000 fighters war widely... 1, 1955 to may 15, 1975 ) 1,458,050 from 196575 for a total 1,622,973... Few people have ever seen the Regimental Historian ( Lt. Wm did the work me... Which amounted to about 64,000 calculated PAVN/VC deaths at 1,062,000 and ARVN allied... 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